Guides / What's In Our Waste

What's In Our Waste

Americans generate 292 million tons of trash each year—about 4.9 pounds per person per day. According to the most recent EPA data, three materials dominate our waste stream: paper, food, and plastics.

The Big Three

More than half of everything Americans throw away falls into just three categories. Together, paper, food, and plastics account for 57% of the waste stream.

23.1%
Paper & Paperboard
67.4 million tons
21.6%
Food
63.1 million tons
12.2%
Plastics
35.7 million tons

The Full Breakdown

Here's what 292 million tons of municipal solid waste looks like, broken down by material.

Paper & Paperboard
23.1%
Food
21.6%
Plastics
12.2%
Yard Trimmings
12.1%
Metals
8.8%
Wood
6.2%
Textiles
5.8%
Glass
4.2%
Rubber & Leather
3.1%
Other
2.9%

Source: EPA, Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures (2018)

The Recycling Gap

Not all waste is created equal when it comes to recovery. Paper has a strong recycling infrastructure, but two of the big three—plastics and food—are barely being diverted from landfills.

Paper
68%
recycled
Plastics
9%
recycled

91% goes to landfill or incineration

Food
4%
composted

96% wasted in landfills or down the drain

The takeaway: Recycling alone won't solve the waste crisis. For plastics and food, the most impactful step is reducing how much we generate in the first place. Refuse single-use plastics, plan meals to avoid food waste, and compost what you can't eat.

Where It All Goes

Half of America's waste ends up in landfills. Only about a third is recycled or composted.

50%
24%
12%
9%
Landfilled
146.1 million tons
Recycled
69 million tons
Combusted
34.6 million tons
Composted
25 million tons

Source: EPA, Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures (2018)

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